Odisha is one of the 29
states of India, located in the east of India. It is surrounded by
the states of West Bengal to the north-east, Jharkhand to the north,
Chhattisgarh to the west and north-west, and Andhra Pradesh to the
south and south-east. Odisha has 485 kilometres (301 mi) of
coastline along the Bay of Bengal on its east, from Balasore to
Ganjam. It is the 9th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by
population. Odia is the official and most widely-spoken language,
spoken by 33.2 million according to the 2001 Census.
Odisha lies between the latitudes 17.780N and
22.730N, and between longitudes 81.37E and 87.53E. The state has an
area of 155,707 km2, which is 4.87% of total area of
India, and a coastline of 450 km. In the eastern part of the state lies the coastal
plain. It extends from the Subarnarekha River in the north to the
Rushikulya river in the south. The lake Chilika is part of the
coastal plains. The plains are rich in fertile silt deposited by the
six major rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal: Subarnarekha,
Budhabalanga, Baitarani, Brahmani, Mahanadi and Rushikulya. The
Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI), a Food and Agriculture
Organization-recognised rice gene bank and research institute, is
situated on the banks of Mahanadi in Cuttack.
Three-quarters of the state is covered in mountain
ranges. Deep and broad valleys have been made in them by rivers.
These valleys have fertile soil and are thickly populated. Odisha
also has plateaus and rolling uplands, which have lower elevation
than the plateaus. The highest point in the state is Deomali at 1672
metres. The other high peaks are: Sinkaram (1620 m), Golikoda (1617
m), and Yendrika (1582 metres).
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